California criminal charges are drawn from the Penal Code, the Vehicle Code, the Health & Safety Code (drug offenses), the Business and Professions Code, and the Welfare and Institutions Code (juvenile matters). Every case involves three separate questions: (1) did the prosecution follow the constitutional rules governing search, seizure, questioning, and identification, (2) can the state actually prove every element of the specific charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt, and (3) even if guilt is established, what is the best sentencing outcome available under the plea, diversion, and probation options.

Common categorical defenses include self-defense (PC 197 et seq.), defense of others, defense of property, mistake of fact, consent, necessity, duress, entrapment, alibi, and mental state defenses (imperfect self-defense, voluntary intoxication where specific intent is at issue, insanity). Procedural defenses include suppression motions under Penal Code Section 1538.5, challenges to identification procedures (in-field showups, photo lineups), Miranda violations, statute of limitations, and denial of speedy trial. In Ventura County, PC 995 motions after preliminary hearing are also a frequently used tool to dismiss weak felony charges.

Hali Ford provides representation on the full range of California crimes, from misdemeanors through serious felonies. Every strategy starts with a careful review of the evidence and the constitutional record. Learn about specific offenses: DUI, drugs, domestic violence, weapons, theft, or the full criminal defense practice. For statutory text: California Penal Code (leginfo.ca.gov).

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